Alprazolam
Xanax (alprazolam) is a small molecule pharmaceutical. Alprazolam was first approved as Xanax on 1982-01-01. It is used to treat agoraphobia, depressive disorder, and panic disorder in the USA. It is known to target gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1, gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3, gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2, gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5, and bromodomain-containing protein 4.
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Commercial
Therapeutic Areas
Therapeutic Area | MeSH |
|---|---|
| mental disorders | D001523 |
Trade Name
FDA
EMA
Xanax (generic drugs available since 1993-10-19, discontinued: Niravam)
Drug Products
FDA
EMA
Labels
FDA
EMA
Brand Name | Status | Last Update |
|---|---|---|
| alprazolam | ANDA | 2023-06-15 |
| niravam | New Drug Application | 2011-04-19 |
| xanax | New Drug Application | 2023-01-18 |
Indications
FDA
EMA
Indication | Ontology | MeSH | ICD-10 |
|---|---|---|---|
| agoraphobia | EFO_1001872 | D000379 | F40.0 |
| depressive disorder | EFO_1002014 | D003866 | F32.A |
| panic disorder | EFO_0004262 | D016584 | F41.0 |
Agency Specific
FDA
EMA
No data
Patent Expiration
No data
HCPCS
No data
Clinical
Clinical Trials
86 clinical trials
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Indications Phases 4
Indication | MeSH | Ontology | ICD-10 | Ph 1 | Ph 2 | Ph 3 | Ph 4 | Other | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Healthy volunteers/patients | — | 27 | — | — | 1 | — | 28 | ||
| Anxiety disorders | D001008 | EFO_0006788 | F41.1 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 4 | — | 13 |
| Panic disorder | D016584 | EFO_0004262 | F41.0 | 1 | 1 | — | 6 | — | 8 |
| Anxiety | D001007 | EFO_0005230 | F41.1 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 2 | — | 6 |
| Drinking behavior | D004327 | EFO_0004315 | 1 | — | — | 1 | — | 2 | |
| Female genital diseases | D005831 | EFO_0009549 | N85 | — | — | — | 1 | — | 1 |
| Psychomotor disorders | D011596 | — | — | — | 1 | — | 1 |
Indications Phases 2
Indication | MeSH | Ontology | ICD-10 | Ph 1 | Ph 2 | Ph 3 | Ph 4 | Other | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Type 1 diabetes mellitus | D003922 | EFO_0001359 | E10 | 2 | 1 | — | — | 1 | 3 |
| Epilepsy | D004827 | EFO_0000474 | G40.9 | 1 | 2 | — | — | — | 3 |
| Dental anxiety | D016854 | — | 1 | — | — | — | 1 | ||
| Myocardial infarction | D009203 | EFO_0000612 | I21 | 1 | 1 | — | — | — | 1 |
| Acute coronary syndrome | D054058 | EFO_0005672 | 1 | 1 | — | — | — | 1 | |
| St elevation myocardial infarction | D000072657 | 1 | 1 | — | — | — | 1 | ||
| Heart diseases | D006331 | EFO_0003777 | I51.9 | 1 | 1 | — | — | — | 1 |
| Opioid-related disorders | D009293 | EFO_0005611 | F11 | — | 1 | — | — | — | 1 |
Indications Phases 1
Indication | MeSH | Ontology | ICD-10 | Ph 1 | Ph 2 | Ph 3 | Ph 4 | Other | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Food-drug interactions | D018565 | 1 | — | — | — | — | 1 | ||
| Recreational drug use | D000084783 | 1 | — | — | — | — | 1 | ||
| Migraine disorders | D008881 | EFO_0003821 | G43 | 1 | — | — | — | — | 1 |
| Alzheimer disease | D000544 | EFO_0000249 | F03 | 1 | — | — | — | — | 1 |
| Huntington disease | D006816 | G10 | 1 | — | — | — | — | 1 | |
| Pharmacokinetics | D010599 | 1 | — | — | — | — | 1 | ||
| Social phobia | D000072861 | EFO_1001917 | F40.1 | 1 | — | — | — | — | 1 |
| Driving under the influence | D000066448 | 1 | — | — | — | — | 1 |
Indications Without Phase
Indication | MeSH | Ontology | ICD-10 | Ph 1 | Ph 2 | Ph 3 | Ph 4 | Other | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Coronary angiography | D017023 | — | — | — | — | 1 | 1 |
Epidemiology
Epidemiological information for investigational and approved indications
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Drug
General
| Drug common name | ALPRAZOLAM |
| INN | alprazolam |
| Description | Alprazolam is a member of the class of triazolobenzodiazepines that is 4H-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]benzodiazepine carrying methyl, phenyl and chloro substituents at positions 1, 6 and 8 respectively. Alprazolam is only found in individuals that have taken this drug. It has a role as an anxiolytic drug, an anticonvulsant, a muscle relaxant, a sedative, a GABA agonist and a xenobiotic. It is a triazolobenzodiazepine and an organochlorine compound. |
| Classification | Small molecule |
| Drug class | Benzodiazepine |
| Image (chem structure or protein) | |
| Structure (InChI/SMILES or Protein Sequence) | Cc1nnc2n1-c1ccc(Cl)cc1C(c1ccccc1)=NC2 |
Target
Agency Approved
No data
Alternate
GABRA1
GABRA1
GABRA3
GABRA3
GABRA2
GABRA2
GABRA5
GABRA5
BRD4
BRD4
Organism
Homo sapiens
Gene name
GABRA1
Gene synonyms
NCBI Gene ID
Protein name
gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1
Protein synonyms
GABA(A) receptor subunit alpha-1, GABA(A) receptor, alpha 1, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor, alpha 1, gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor alpha1 subunit
Uniprot ID
Mouse ortholog
Gabra1 (14394)
gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1 (P62812)
Variants
Clinical Variant
No data
Financial
Xanax - Viatris
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Xanax - Pfizer
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Tabular view
Trends
PubMed Central
Top Terms for Disease or Syndrome:
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Additional graphs summarizing 8,475 documents
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Safety
Black-box Warning
Black-box warning for: Alprazolam, Xanax
Adverse Events
Top Adverse Reactions
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22,529 adverse events reported
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