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Epinephrine
Adrenaclick, Adrenalin, Auvi-q, Citanest, Duranest, Epipen, Iontocaine, Lidocaton, Lidosite Topical System, Marcaine, Medihaler-epi, Mist, Octocaine, Orabloc, Sensorcaine, Septocaine, Symjepi, Xylocaine (epinephrine) is a small molecule pharmaceutical. Epinephrine was first approved as Sensorcaine on 1982-01-01. It is used to treat airway obstruction, anaphylaxis, bradycardia, bronchial spasm, and heart arrest amongst others in the USA. The pharmaceutical is active against alpha-1D adrenergic receptor and alpha-2A adrenergic receptor. In addition, it is known to target alpha-1B adrenergic receptor, alpha-1A adrenergic receptor, beta-2 adrenergic receptor, alpha-2C adrenergic receptor, beta-1 adrenergic receptor, beta-3 adrenergic receptor, carbonic anhydrase 1, and alpha-2B adrenergic receptor.
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Commercial
Therapeutic Areas
Therapeutic Area
MeSH
infectionsD007239
respiratory tract diseasesD012140
eye diseasesD005128
cardiovascular diseasesD002318
immune system diseasesD007154
signs and symptoms pathological conditionsD013568
Trade Name
FDA
EMA
Adrenaclick, Adrenalin, Auvi-q, Epipen, Marcaine, Primatene mist, Sensorcaine, Symjepi, Xylocaine (generic drugs available since 1985-01-22, discontinued: Bronitin mist, Bronkaid mist, Citanest, Duranest, Epi, Medihaler-epi, Sus-phrine, Twinject)
Combinations
Citanest, Orabloc, Sensorcaine, Septocaine (generic drugs available since 1985-01-22, discontinued: Duranest, Iontocaine, Lidocaton, Lidosite topical system, Octocaine, Ultacan)
Drug Products
FDA
EMA
New Drug Application (NDA)
New Drug Application (NDA)
Abbreviated New Drug Application (ANDA)
Abbreviated New Drug Application (ANDA)
Articaine hydrochloride
+
Epinephrine bitartrate
Tradename
Company
Number
Date
Products
SEPTOCAINEDeprocoN-020971 RX2000-04-03
2 products, RLD, RS
ORABLOCPierrelN-022466 RX2010-02-26
2 products, RLD, RS
Bupivacaine hydrochloride
Tradename
Company
Number
Date
Products
SENSORCAINEFresenius KabiN-018304 RX1982-01-01
3 products, RLD
MARCAINE HYDROCHLORIDEHospiraN-016964 RX1982-01-01
1 products, RLD, RS
MARCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE PRESERVATIVE FREEHospiraN-016964 RX1982-01-01
1 products, RLD, RS
MARCAINE HYDROCHLORIDEHospiraN-016964 RX1982-01-01
1 products, RLD, RS
MARCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE PRESERVATIVE FREEHospiraN-016964 RX1982-01-01
2 products, RLD, RS
Bupivacaine hydrochloride
+
Epinephrine bitartrate
Tradename
Company
Number
Date
Products
SENSORCAINEFresenius KabiN-018304 RX1983-09-02
2 products, RLD
MARCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE W/ EPINEPHRINEHospiraN-016964 RX1982-01-01
1 products, RLD, RS
MARCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE W/ EPINEPHRINE PRESERVATIVE FREEHospiraN-016964 RX1982-01-01
1 products, RLD, RS
MARCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE W/ EPINEPHRINEHospiraN-016964 RX1982-01-01
1 products, RLD, RS
MARCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE W/ EPINEPHRINE PRESERVATIVE FREEHospiraN-016964 RX1982-01-01
2 products, RLD, RS
Show 1 discontinued
Epinephrine
Tradename
Company
Number
Date
Products
SYMJEPIAdamis PharmaceuticalsN-207534 RX2017-06-15
2 products, RLD, RS
PRIMATENE MISTArmstrong PharmaceuticalsN-205920 OTC2018-11-07
1 products, RLD, RS
EPINEPHRINEBPI LabsN-205029 RX2014-07-29
2 products, RLD, RS
EPINEPHRINEHospiraN-209359 RX2019-11-05
1 products, RLD, RS
ADRENACLICKImpax LaboratoriesN-020800 RX2009-11-25
2 products, RLD, RS
EPINEPHRINEInternational Medication SystemsN-211363 RX2022-08-15
1 products, RLD, RS
AUVI-QKaleoN-201739 RX2012-08-10
3 products, RLD, RS
EPIPENMylanN-019430 RX1987-12-22
1 products, RLD, RS
EPIPEN JR.MylanN-019430 RX1987-12-22
1 products, RLD, RS
ADRENALINPar PharmaceuticalN-204200 RX2012-12-07
1 products, RLD, RS
Show 2 marketed
Show 7 discontinued
Epinephrine
+
Etidocaine hydrochloride
Tradename
Company
Number
Date
Products
DURANESTAstraZenecaN-017751 DISCN1982-01-01
1 products, RLD
Hide discontinued
Epinephrine
+
Lidocaine hydrochloride
Tradename
Company
Number
Date
Products
XYLOCAINE W/ EPINEPHRINEFresenius KabiN-006488 RX1982-01-01
6 products, RLD, RS
Show 6 discontinued
Epinephrine bitartrate
Tradename
Company
Number
Date
Products
MEDIHALER-EPI3MN-010374 DISCN1982-01-01
1 products
BRONITIN MISTWyethN-016126 DISCN1982-01-01
1 products
Hide discontinued
Epinephrine bitartrate
+
Etidocaine hydrochloride
Tradename
Company
Number
Date
Products
DURANESTAstraZenecaN-017751 DISCN1982-01-01
2 products, RLD
DURANESTDentsply PharmaceuticalN-021384 DISCN1982-01-01
1 products, RLD
Hide discontinued
Epinephrine bitartrate
+
Prilocaine hydrochloride
Tradename
Company
Number
Date
Products
CITANEST FORTE DENTALDentsply PharmaceuticalN-021383 RX1982-01-01
1 products, RLD, RS
Show 1 discontinued
Etidocaine hydrochloride
Tradename
Company
Number
Date
Products
DURANESTAstraZenecaN-017751 DISCN1982-01-01
2 products, RLD
Hide discontinued
Lidocaine hydrochloride
Tradename
Company
Number
Date
Products
XYLOCAINEFresenius KabiN-006488 RX1982-01-01
4 products, RLD, RS
Show 1 discontinued
Prilocaine hydrochloride
Tradename
Company
Number
Date
Products
CITANESTAstraZenecaN-014763 DISCN1982-01-01
3 products, RLD
CITANEST PLAINAstraZenecaN-014763 DISCN1982-01-01
1 products, RLD
Hide discontinued
Labels
FDA
EMA
Brand Name
Status
Last Update
auvi-qNew Drug Application2023-04-26
citanest plainANDA2021-11-10
epipenNew Drug Application2023-04-13
lignospan forteANDA2021-06-15
mlk kit f2unapproved drug other2023-03-15
octocaine 50ANDA2011-12-15
orablocNew Drug Application2018-11-22
primatene mistNew Drug Application2020-01-17
sensorcaineNew Drug Application2022-12-29
septocaine and epinephrineNew Drug Application2021-11-02
Show 3 more
Indications
FDA
EMA
Indication
Ontology
MeSH
ICD-10
airway obstruction—D000402—
anaphylaxis—D000707T78.2
bradycardiaHP_0001662D001919R00.1
bronchial spasm—D001986—
heart arrestEFO_0009492D006323I46
heart block—D006327I45.89
hypotensionEFO_0005251D007022I95
open-angle glaucomaEFO_0004190D005902H40.1
septic shock—D012772A48.3
ventricular fibrillationEFO_0004287D014693I49.01
Show 1 more
Agency Specific
FDA
EMA
No data
Patent Expiration
Patent
Expires
Flag
FDA Information
Epinephrine, Epinephrine In 0.9% Sodium Chloride, Par Sterile Products
106536462039-03-21DP
110836982039-03-21U-3567
112072802039-03-21DP
Epinephrine, Auvi-Q, Kaleo Inc
106882442037-12-21DPU-2980
108429382037-12-21DPU-2980
80213442029-11-02DP
82266102029-04-10DP
82315732028-11-25DP
77491942028-10-30DP
79470172028-03-12DP
97244712027-05-23DPU-2092
82063602027-02-27DP
92381082027-02-20DP
115902862026-12-12DP
109601552026-06-25DP
77316862026-06-01DP
89265942026-03-31DP
92595392026-02-01DP
92781822026-02-01DP
91495792025-07-19U-1758
103355492025-04-30DP
80167882025-03-21DP
77316902025-01-15DP
79188232024-11-23DP
83134662024-11-23DP
83610292024-11-23DP
84254622024-11-23DP
86086982024-11-23DP
89203772024-11-23DP
90561702024-11-23DP
97376692024-11-23DP
98335732024-11-23U-2172
103149772024-11-23DP
107370282024-11-23DP
Epinephrine, Symjepi, Adamis Pharms Corp
111415402036-10-20DPU-3379
Epinephrine, Adrenalin, Par Sterile Products
91198762035-03-13DP
92956572035-03-13U-1829
101305922035-03-13DP
Epinephrine, Epinephrine, Bpi Labs
92831972034-08-15DPU-1828, U-1829, U-1830
100047002034-08-14DPU-2325
100397282034-08-14U-1828
Epinephrine, Adrenaclick, Impax
79053522027-04-12DP
76218912025-02-04DP
101663342025-01-21DP
72971362025-01-18DP
Epinephrine, Primatene Mist, Armstrong Pharms
83677342026-01-26DP
Epinephrine, Epi E Z Pen Jr, Mylan Speciality Lp
74490122025-09-11DP
77944322025-09-11DP
80480352025-09-11DP
88708272025-09-11DP
95860102025-09-11DP
ATC Codes
A: Alimentary tract and metabolism drugs
— A01: Stomatological preparations
— A01A: Stomatological preparations
— A01AD: Other agents for local oral treatment in atc
— A01AD01: Epinephrine
B: Blood and blood forming organ drugs
— B02: Antihemorrhagics
— B02B: Vitamin k and other hemostatics
— B02BC: Local hemostatics
— B02BC09: Epinephrine
C: Cardiovascular system drugs
— C01: Cardiac therapy drugs
— C01C: Cardiac stimulants excl. cardiac glycosides
— C01CA: Adrenergic and dopaminergic cardiac stimulants
— C01CA24: Epinephrine
R: Respiratory system drugs
— R01: Nasal preparations
— R01A: Decongestants and other nasal preparations for topical use
— R01AA: Sympathomimetics, plain
— R01AA14: Epinephrine
— R03: Drugs for obstructive airway diseases
— R03A: Adrenergics, inhalants
— R03AA: Alpha- and beta-adrenoreceptor agonist inhalants
— R03AA01: Epinephrine
— R03AK: Adrenergics inhalants in combination with corticosteroids or other drugs, excl. anticholinergics
— R03AK01: Epinephrine and other drugs for obstructive airway diseases
S: Sensory organ drugs
— S01: Ophthalmologicals
— S01E: Antiglaucoma preparations and miotics
— S01EA: Sympathomimetics in glaucoma therapy
— S01EA01: Epinephrine
— S01EA51: Epinephrine, combinations
HCPCS
Code
Description
J0171
Injection, adrenalin, epinephrine, 0.1 mg
Clinical
Clinical Trials
3182 clinical trials
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Indications Phases 4
Indication
MeSH
Ontology
ICD-10
Ph 1
Ph 2
Ph 3
Ph 4
Other
Total
Postoperative painD010149G89.18298570167161486
PainD010146EFO_0003843R52153845100119303
Local anesthesiaD00077261412203078
AnesthesiaD0007585911213475
AnalgesiaD0006987612203172
Acute painD059787R52499251960
Replacement arthroplasty kneeD019645142251749
Spinal anesthesiaD000775—15182145
Breast neoplasmsD001943EFO_0003869C50310951237
Knee osteoarthritisD020370EFO_0004616M17255131235
Show 338 more
Indications Phases 3
Indication
MeSH
Ontology
ICD-10
Ph 1
Ph 2
Ph 3
Ph 4
Other
Total
CoughD003371HP_0012735R05113—49
VulvodyniaD056650N94.81132—39
StrokeD020521EFO_0000712I63.9131—38
Laparoscopic cholecystectomyD017081——1—56
Pancreatic neoplasmsD010190EFO_0003860C25211—26
Plantar fasciitisD036981EFO_1001909M72.2—11—45
Respiratory insufficiencyD012131HP_0002093J96.91—1—35
Temporomandibular joint disordersD013705M26.6131—15
Septic shockD012772A48.3—24——5
Liver neoplasmsD008113EFO_1001513C22.0—11—34
Show 100 more
Indications Phases 2
Indication
MeSH
Ontology
ICD-10
Ph 1
Ph 2
Ph 3
Ph 4
Other
Total
HyperalgesiaD00693013——15
Macular degenerationD008268EFO_0001365H35.3011——34
HerniorrhaphyD05968513———4
Dental cariesD003731EFO_0003819K02—3——14
Thyroid diseasesD013959HP_0000820E00-E07—1——23
HerniaD006547HP_0100790K40-K46—2——13
Sphenopalatine ganglion blockD05938711——13
EndometriosisD004715EFO_0001065N80—2——13
Periapical periodontitisD010485EFO_1001391K04.5—3———3
PhimosisD010688EFO_1001104N47.111———2
Show 54 more
Indications Phases 1
Indication
MeSH
Ontology
ICD-10
Ph 1
Ph 2
Ph 3
Ph 4
Other
Total
Nociceptive painD0592261———56
Renal insufficiencyD051437HP_0000083N191———34
Radius fracturesD011885EFO_0003957S52.371———34
Hiv infectionsD015658EFO_0000764B202———13
SciaticaD012585HP_0011868M54.32———13
Induced abortionD0000281———23
Morton neuromaD000070607G57.62———13
CraniotomyD0033991———12
AdenomyosisD062788EFO_1001757N80.01———12
Primary dysautonomiasD0549692————2
Show 25 more
Indications Without Phase
Indication
MeSH
Ontology
ICD-10
Ph 1
Ph 2
Ph 3
Ph 4
Other
Total
AgingD000375GO_0007568R41.81————77
EstheticsD004954————55
PancreatitisD010195EFO_0000278K85————55
Needlestick injuriesD016602————55
UltrasonographyD014463————44
Congenital hip dislocationD006618HP_0001385Q65.2————33
BradycardiaD001919HP_0001662R00.1————33
Deglutition disordersD003680HP_0002015R13.1————33
Female infertilityD007247EFO_0008560N97————33
Type 1 diabetes mellitusD003922EFO_0001359E10————33
Show 177 more
Epidemiology
Epidemiological information for investigational and approved indications
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Drug
General
Drug common nameEPINEPHRINE
INNepinephrine
Description
(R)-adrenaline is the R-enantiomer of adrenaline. It is a hormone secreted by the adrenal glands resulting in the 'fight-or-flight' response. It has a role as a hormone, an adrenergic agonist, a vasodilator agent, an alpha-adrenergic agonist, a bronchodilator agent, a vasoconstrictor agent, a beta-adrenergic agonist, a sympathomimetic agent, a mydriatic agent and a mouse metabolite. It is a conjugate base of a (R)-adrenaline(1+). It is an enantiomer of a (S)-adrenaline.
Classification
Small molecule
Drug class—
Image (chem structure or protein)
Structure (InChI/SMILES or Protein Sequence)
CNC[C@H](O)c1ccc(O)c(O)c1
Identifiers
PDB4LDO
CAS-ID51-43-4
RxCUI3992
ChEMBL IDCHEMBL679
ChEBI ID28918
PubChem CID5816
DrugBankDB00668
UNII IDYKH834O4BH (ChemIDplus, GSRS)
Target
Agency Approved
ADRA1D
ADRA1D
ADRA2A
ADRA2A
Organism
Homo sapiens
Gene name
ADRA1D
Gene synonyms
ADRA1A
NCBI Gene ID
146
Protein name
alpha-1D adrenergic receptor
Protein synonyms
adrenergic, alpha -1D-, receptor, adrenergic, alpha-1A-, receptor, Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor, Alpha-1D adrenoceptor, Alpha-1D adrenoreceptor, Alpha-adrenergic receptor 1a
Uniprot ID
Q9NPY0
Mouse ortholog
Adra1d (11550)
alpha-1D adrenergic receptor (P97714)
Alternate
ADRA1B
ADRA1B
ADRA1A
ADRA1A
ADRB2
ADRB2
ADRA2C
ADRA2C
ADRB1
ADRB1
ADRB3
ADRB3
CA1
CA1
ADRA2B
ADRA2B
Organism
Homo sapiens
Gene name
ADRA1B
Gene synonyms
NCBI Gene ID
147
Protein name
alpha-1B adrenergic receptor
Protein synonyms
adrenergic, alpha-1B-, receptor, Alpha-1B adrenoceptor, Alpha-1B adrenoreceptor
Uniprot ID
P35368
Mouse ortholog
Adra1b (11548)
alpha-1B adrenergic receptor (P97717)
Variants
Clinical Variant
No data
Financial
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Epinephrine - Amphastar Pharmaceuticals
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Tabular view
Trends
PubMed Central
Top Terms for Disease or Syndrome:
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Additional graphs summarizing 89,577 documents
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Safety
Black-box Warning
No Black-box warning
Adverse Events
Top Adverse Reactions
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2,984 adverse events reported
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